Understanding proteinuria: Kidney warning sign common in men with diabetes and high BP |

Proteinuria, or the presence of excess protein in urine, is often one of the first warning signs of kidney problems. Healthy kidneys filter waste while retaining essential proteins in the blood, so even small amounts of protein in urine may indicate an underlying issue. According to a study published in StatPearls, proteinuria is a common finding in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Any detection should be investigated, especially when other health conditions are present. With diabetes cases increasing worldwide, proteinuria is becoming more prevalent. While often linked to kidney disease, it may also occur temporarily in certain harmless conditions.

What is proteinuria: Sign of kidney damage in men

Proteinuria is the presence of excess protein in the urine, most often albumin. A healthy kidney should not allow significant amounts of protein to pass into urine, so when it does, it signals potential problems. Proteinuria can be temporary, for example after intense exercise or during illness, or persistent, which is more serious.It is a relatively common finding, especially in people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or chronic kidney disease. Since the kidneys play a vital role in filtering blood, proteinuria is an early warning sign that kidney function may be impaired. Identifying protein in the urine allows doctors to monitor, treat, and slow the progression of kidney disease.

Symptoms of proteinuria

Many people with proteinuria do not notice any symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular urine tests are important. When symptoms do appear, they may include:1. Foamy or frothy urineWhen urine appears unusually bubbly or foamy, it can be due to excess protein altering the surface tension of the liquid. Occasional bubbles are normal, but persistent foam should not be ignored.2. Swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, or around the eyes (oedema)Protein loss in urine lowers blood protein levels, causing fluid to leak into surrounding tissues. This results in puffiness, most visible in the legs, ankles, and eyelids.3. Unexplained weight gain due to fluid retentionA build-up of fluid in the body leads to sudden weight increases not linked to diet or lifestyle. This swelling is often a sign of kidney dysfunction.4. High blood pressureDamaged kidneys struggle to regulate fluid and sodium balance, which raises blood pressure. In turn, high blood pressure worsens kidney damage, creating a harmful cycle.5. Frequent urination, especially at nightWhen the kidneys lose efficiency, the body produces more urine to clear waste. This often results in nocturia (night-time urination), disrupting sleep and daily life.6. Fatigue and lack of concentration in advanced casesExcess protein loss and declining kidney function can cause anaemia, toxin build-up, and nutrient imbalances, leaving people feeling tired, weak, and mentally less sharp.

Causes of proteinuria

The causes of proteinuria vary from harmless short-term issues to serious chronic conditions.Temporary causes include:

Persistent causes include:

Risk factors for proteinuria

Some individuals are more likely to develop protein in their urine due to specific risk factors, such as:

Proteinuria is not a disease in itself but an important signal of how well the kidneys are functioning. While it can sometimes be temporary, persistent proteinuria often indicates kidney disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Early detection through urine tests, awareness of symptoms, and management of risk factors are essential to protect kidney health. If protein is found in your urine, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate tests and treatment to prevent long-term complicationDisclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.Also read | Does drinking milk increase blood sugar levels: Know about lactose and added sugars