A US study published in Thorax found that adults consuming the most ultra-processed foods (UPFs) – such as bread, soda, instant noodles, ice cream, breakfast cereals, and lunch meats- are 41% more likely to develop lung cancer than those eating the least. This association persisted even after adjusting for smoking status, general diet quality, and other factors, highlighting a significant potential link between widespread dietary patterns and cancer. With UPFs accounting for more than half of daily calories in typical American and UK diets, the findings emphasise the urgent need to reevaluate the fertility of food environments, reduce UPF intake, and promote whole-food-based nutrition.
What are ultra-processed foods and how might they promote lung cancer
Ultra‑processed foods are industrially formulated products made from ingredients rarely used in home cooking. They typically include additives like emulsifiers, preservatives, artificial colours/flavours, high levels of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats, and are ready-to-eat or reheated.
Common examples include soft drinks, processed snacks, instant noodles, frozen meals, lunch meats, sugary cereals, ice cream, margarine, and shop-bought sauces and pizzas. They are identified using the NOVA classification system, which organises foods based on their processing level.
Several mechanisms may explain why high UPF intake is associated with lung cancer risk :
- Poor nutritional quality: UPFs are often high in sugar, saturated fats, salt, and low in fiber, vitamins, and micronutrients. This promotes obesity and metabolic disturbances linked to cancer.
- Additives and contaminants: Chemicals used in processing and packaging—like emulsifiers, preservatives, artificial colours, acrolein (also present in tobacco smoke), bisphenol A, and phthalates- may promote inflammation, hormonal disruption, DNA damage, and gut microbiota imbalance.
- Overconsumption and obesogenic effect: Highly palatable, calorie-dense UPFs drive overconsumption and weight gain, which is itself a strong risk factor for various cancers.
Tips for reducing ultra-processed food consumption
If you’re concerned about the potential health risks associated with ultra-processed foods, there are several steps you can take to reduce your consumption. Here are a few tips:
- Read labels carefully: Check the ingredient list and nutrition label to identify ultra-processed foods.
- Cook from scratch: Preparing meals from whole ingredients can help you avoid ultra-processed foods.
- Choose whole foods: Focus on whole, unprocessed foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Limit packaged snacks: Opt for healthier snack options like nuts, seeds, and fruits.
Also read | Why you should start drinking water from copper bottle; know its health benefits
About the Author
